PPP模式下公共图书馆提供公共文化服务新探析 ——"图书馆+纪录片院线"

[目的/意义]文章以中国PPP模式下公共图书馆提供公共文化服务为研究对象,提出“图书馆+纪录片院线”的构想,该项目不仅可以丰富公共图书馆提供公共文化服务的形式,还能促进纪录片产业的良性发展。[方法/过程]简要概述了公共图书馆与社会资本合作的现状,指出了发展过程中所存在的一些问题,并对“图书馆+纪录片院线”项目的意义和可行性进行了分析。[结果/结论]提出努力开拓市场、提高宣传效力,树立正确观念、合理合法收费,选择合适伙伴,发挥公共图书馆优势、提供特色服务,联合多方力量、克服潜在阻力等对策。     

基于卷积神经网络的小麦产量预估方法

小麦产量是评估农业生产力的重要指标之一,针对小麦产量人工预估困难,提出将卷积神经网络运用于小麦产量预估,为农业生产力的预估提供参考,指导农业生产管理决策。利用无人机分别在河南省新乡、漯河两地进行图片采集,并以之构建麦穗数据集,分为正样本(麦穗)和负样本(叶子和背景)。针对小麦常规的生理形态和生长环境,设计卷积神经网络识别模型,以图像金字塔构建多尺度滑动窗口,以非极大值抑制(NMS)去除重叠率较高的目标框,实现对单位面积内麦穗的计数,并利用随机采样的方式对大田麦穗进行单位面积图像采样,以采样图像中麦穗数量的平均值作为产量预估基准,进一步实现麦穗产量预估。随机抽取100幅不同小麦图片进行测试,与人工计数结果进行对比,准确率达到97.30%,漏检率为0.34%,误检率为2.36%,误差率为2.70%。试验结果表明,此方法能够克服环境中的多种噪声干扰,能够在不同光照条件下对麦穗进行计数和产量预估。     

基于卷积神经网络的玉米病害识别方法研究

为解决传统的玉米病害识别方法中特征提取主观性强及误识率高的问题,提出利用卷积神经网络对玉米病害进行识别。以玉米病害图像和健康图像共5种类别的玉米图像为研究对象,并采用LeNet模型进行试验。首先,按照8∶2的比例为每种玉米病害图像选择训练集和测试集。然后,通过试验组合和对比分析的方法比较不同卷积神经网络结构设置对准确率的影响,选出最佳参数。另外,选用Adam算法代替SGD算法来优化模型,通过指数衰减法调整学习率,将L2正则项添加到交叉熵函数中,并选择Dropout策略和ReLU激励函数。最后,确定了一个10层CNN网络结构。试验结果显示,玉米花叶病、灰斑病、锈病、叶斑病和玉米健康识别率分别为95.83%、90.57%、100%、93.75%、100%,平均识别率达96%,平均计算时间为0.15 s。经试验结果比较,该模型识别效果明显高于传统方法,为玉米病害的防治提供技术支持。     

基于BP神经网络的柴油发动机特性建模

建立连续的发动机燃油特性和调速特性数学模型作为液压机械无级变速器虚拟试验平台的动力源。根据虚拟平台对不同特性区域的精度需求对柴油发动机不同特性区域的试验数据进行不同的密度选取、乱序和归一化处理,采用单隐层BP神经网络对试验数据进行训练,对比不同隐层节点数网络的训练误差和测试误差,选取误差最小的网络,求解出网络的数学表达式。通过该方法以ISLe310柴油发动机为例建立燃油特性和调速特性的连续数学模型,这两个简单的数学表达式准确反映了发动机万有特性和外特性,连续模型避免了虚拟试验中出现信号的突变和奇异点。通过和经典的最小二乘法拟合得到的最优特性模型进行对比,其具有更小的误差、更强的泛化能力,能够更好地反映柴油发动机的相关特性。     

Examining horizontal and vertical social ties to achieve social–ecological fit in an emerging marine reserve network

1. Most MPA networks are designed only with ecological processes in mind to increase their conservation utility. However, since MPA networks often involve large geographic areas, they also affect and involve multiple actors, institutions, and policy sectors.
2. A key challenge when establishing an effective MPA network is to align the ‘social system’ with the biophysical MPA network (the ‘ecological system’). This challenge is often denoted as ‘social–ecological fit’.
3. Facilitating collaborative social interactions among various actors and stakeholders (social connectivity) is equally as important as accomplishing ecological connectivity. New analytical approaches are required to effectively examine this ‘social’ dimension of fit.
4. An emerging marine reserve network in Jamaica and the recent invasion of Indo‐Pacific lionfish are used as a case study to: (1) examine the extent to which horizontal and vertical social ties bring local and national actors together to collaborate, coordinate, and share knowledge; and (2) assess the extent to which different attributes and features of such multilevel social networks may enhance or inhibit particular aspects of social–ecological fit.
5. Findings suggest that multilevel linkages have played the greatest role in relation to enhancing fit in the marine reserve network in the context of the recent lionfish invasion. However, the long‐term propensity of the multi‐actor and multilevel networks to enhance social–ecological fit is uncertain given the prevalence of weak social ties, lack of a culture of information sharing and collaboration, and limited financial resources.

     

浅谈如何做好档案管理工作

作者依据从事档案工作的实践,论述了做好档案管理工作的重要意义,并着重从相关部门领导应高度重视、档案管理部门应按规范严格执行档案管理工作流程和必须提高管理人员综合素质等方面进行阐述。可供从事档案管理工作者借鉴。     

基于氨基酸分子中侧链基极性性质的DNA序列分类(英文)

从DNA序列片段个案中密码子分布密度角度出发,提取出DNA序列片段的特征,基于氨基酸分子中侧链基极性性质把氨基酸分成5大类,计算5大类出现的频率,这种考虑生物意义的特征提取方法不仅考虑碱基的含量,还在一定程度上考虑碱基的排列顺序,应用层次聚类分析方法和BP神经网络法对DNA序列片段进行分类。结果表明,2类算法分类结果精度较高,且一致性也较高。说明这种特征提取法比传统的单纯考虑碱基的特征提取法效果更优。     

网络时代高校思想政治教育的实效性探析

网络时代是一个信息资源丰富的新时期,它开阔了我们的眼界,拓展了我们的知识面,网络信息的发展促进了当今思想文化的新变化.而青年大学生作为利用网络的主群体,它必然会给大学生的思想道德、价值观念带来一定的影响,因此,网络时代的到来给高校思想政治教育带来了机遇和挑战.本文从网络时代的特点出发,探索性地分析了提高高校思想政治教育实效性的新途径.     

Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation

Background

Data on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space-use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually.

Results

We found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low-quality habitat.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low-quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far-reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

An overview of animal science research 1945–2011 through science mapping analysis

The conceptual structure of the field of Animal Science (AS) research is examined by means of a longitudinal science mapping analysis. The whole of the AS research field is analysed, revealing its conceptual evolution. To this end, an automatic approach to detecting and visualizing hidden themes or topics and their evolution across a consecutive span of years was applied to AS publications of the JCR category ‘Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science’ during the period 1945–2011. This automatic approach was based on a coword analysis and combines performance analysis and science mapping. To observe the conceptual evolution of AS, six consecutive periods were defined: 1945–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2005 and 2006–2011. Research in AS was identified as having focused on ten main thematic areas: ANIMAL‐FEEDING, SMALL‐RUMINANTS, ANIMAL‐REPRODUCTION, DAIRY‐PRODUCTION, MEAT‐QUALITY, SWINE‐PRODUCTION, GENETICS‐AND‐ANIMAL‐BREEDING, POULTRY, ANIMAL‐WELFARE and GROWTH‐FACTORS‐AND‐FATTY‐ACIDS. The results show how genomic studies gain in weight and integrate with other thematic areas. The whole of AS research has become oriented towards an overall framework in which animal welfare, sustainable management and human health play a major role. All this would affect the future structure and management of livestock farming.